org.apache.kafka.streams.kstream

Interface KGroupedTable<K,V>

Type Parameters:

K - Type of keys

V - Type of values

@InterfaceStability.Evolving
public interface KGroupedTable<K,V>

KGroupedTable is an abstraction of a re-grouped changelog stream from a primary-keyed table, usually on a different grouping key than the original primary key.

It is an intermediate representation after a re-grouping of a KTable before an aggregation is applied to the new partitions resulting in a new KTable.

A KGroupedTable must be obtained from a KTable via groupBy(...).

See Also:

KTable

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
<VR> KTable<K,VR>	aggregate(Initializer<VR> initializer, Aggregator<? super K,? super V,VR> adder, Aggregator<? super K,? super V,VR> subtractor) Aggregate the value of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable using default serializers and deserializers.
<VR> KTable<K,VR>	aggregate(Initializer<VR> initializer, Aggregator<? super K,? super V,VR> adder, Aggregator<? super K,? super V,VR> subtractor, Materialized<K,VR,KeyValueStore<org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Bytes,byte[]>> materialized) Aggregate the value of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable.
KTable<K,Long>	count() Count number of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable.
KTable<K,Long>	count(Materialized<K,Long,KeyValueStore<org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Bytes,byte[]>> materialized) Count number of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable.
KTable<K,V>	reduce(Reducer<V> adder, Reducer<V> subtractor) Combine the value of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable.
KTable<K,V>	reduce(Reducer<V> adder, Reducer<V> subtractor, Materialized<K,V,KeyValueStore<org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Bytes,byte[]>> materialized) Combine the value of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable.

Method Detail

count

KTable<K,Long> count(Materialized<K,Long,KeyValueStore<org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Bytes,byte[]>> materialized)

Count number of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable. Records with null key are ignored. The result is written into a local KeyValueStore (which is basically an ever-updating materialized view) that can be queried using the provided queryableStoreName. Furthermore, updates to the store are sent downstream into a KTable changelog stream.

Not all updates might get sent downstream, as an internal cache is used to deduplicate consecutive updates to the same key. The rate of propagated updates depends on your input data rate, the number of distinct keys, the number of parallel running Kafka Streams instances, and the configuration parameters for cache size, and commit intervall.

To query the local KeyValueStore it must be obtained via KafkaStreams#store(...):

 KafkaStreams streams = ... // counting words
 ReadOnlyKeyValueStore<String, Long> localStore = streams.store(queryableStoreName, QueryableStoreTypes.<String, Long>keyValueStore());
 String key = "some-word";
 Long countForWord = localStore.get(key); // key must be local (application state is shared over all running Kafka Streams instances)
 

For non-local keys, a custom RPC mechanism must be implemented using KafkaStreams.allMetadata() to query the value of the key on a parallel running instance of your Kafka Streams application.

For failure and recovery the store will be backed by an internal changelog topic that will be created in Kafka. Therefore, the store name defined by the Materialized instance must be a valid Kafka topic name and cannot contain characters other than ASCII alphanumerics, '.', '_' and '-'. The changelog topic will be named "${applicationId}-${storeName}-changelog", where "applicationId" is user-specified in StreamsConfig via parameter APPLICATION_ID_CONFIG, "storeName" is the provide store name defined in Materialized, and "-changelog" is a fixed suffix. You can retrieve all generated internal topic names via Topology.describe().

Parameters:

materialized - the instance of Materialized used to materialize the state store. Cannot be null

Returns:

a KTable that contains "update" records with unmodified keys and Long values that represent the latest (rolling) count (i.e., number of records) for each key

count

KTable<K,Long> count()

Count number of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable. Records with null key are ignored. The result is written into a local KeyValueStore (which is basically an ever-updating materialized view) Furthermore, updates to the store are sent downstream into a KTable changelog stream.

Not all updates might get sent downstream, as an internal cache is used to deduplicate consecutive updates to the same key. The rate of propagated updates depends on your input data rate, the number of distinct keys, the number of parallel running Kafka Streams instances, and the configuration parameters for cache size, and commit intervall.

For failure and recovery the store will be backed by an internal changelog topic that will be created in Kafka. The changelog topic will be named "${applicationId}-${internalStoreName}-changelog", where "applicationId" is user-specified in StreamsConfig via parameter APPLICATION_ID_CONFIG, "internalStoreName" is an internal name and "-changelog" is a fixed suffix. Note that the internal store name may not be queriable through Interactive Queries. You can retrieve all generated internal topic names via Topology.describe().

Returns:

a KTable that contains "update" records with unmodified keys and Long values that represent the latest (rolling) count (i.e., number of records) for each key

reduce

KTable<K,V> reduce(Reducer<V> adder,
                   Reducer<V> subtractor,
                   Materialized<K,V,KeyValueStore<org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Bytes,byte[]>> materialized)

Combine the value of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable. Records with null key are ignored. Combining implies that the type of the aggregate result is the same as the type of the input value (c.f. aggregate(Initializer, Aggregator, Aggregator, Materialized)). The result is written into a local KeyValueStore (which is basically an ever-updating materialized view) that can be queried using the provided queryableStoreName. Furthermore, updates to the store are sent downstream into a KTable changelog stream.

Each update to the original KTable results in a two step update of the result KTable. The specified adder is applied for each update record and computes a new aggregate using the current aggregate (first argument) and the record's value (second argument) by adding the new record to the aggregate. The specified subtractor is applied for each "replaced" record of the original KTable and computes a new aggregate using the current aggregate (first argument) and the record's value (second argument) by "removing" the "replaced" record from the aggregate. If there is no current aggregate the Reducer is not applied and the new aggregate will be the record's value as-is. Thus, reduce(Reducer, Reducer, String) can be used to compute aggregate functions like sum. For sum, the adder and subtractor would work as follows:

 public class SumAdder implements Reducer<Integer> {
   public Integer apply(Integer currentAgg, Integer newValue) {
     return currentAgg + newValue;
   }
 }

 public class SumSubtractor implements Reducer<Integer> {
   public Integer apply(Integer currentAgg, Integer oldValue) {
     return currentAgg - oldValue;
   }
 }
 

Not all updates might get sent downstream, as an internal cache is used to deduplicate consecutive updates to the same key. The rate of propagated updates depends on your input data rate, the number of distinct keys, the number of parallel running Kafka Streams instances, and the configuration parameters for cache size, and commit intervall.

To query the local KeyValueStore it must be obtained via KafkaStreams#store(...):

 KafkaStreams streams = ... // counting words
 ReadOnlyKeyValueStore<String, Long> localStore = streams.store(queryableStoreName, QueryableStoreTypes.<String, Long>keyValueStore());
 String key = "some-word";
 Long countForWord = localStore.get(key); // key must be local (application state is shared over all running Kafka Streams instances)
 

For non-local keys, a custom RPC mechanism must be implemented using KafkaStreams.allMetadata() to query the value of the key on a parallel running instance of your Kafka Streams application.

For failure and recovery the store will be backed by an internal changelog topic that will be created in Kafka. Therefore, the store name defined by the Materialized instance must be a valid Kafka topic name and cannot contain characters other than ASCII alphanumerics, '.', '_' and '-'. The changelog topic will be named "${applicationId}-${storeName}-changelog", where "applicationId" is user-specified in StreamsConfig via parameter APPLICATION_ID_CONFIG, "storeName" is the provide store name defined in Materialized, and "-changelog" is a fixed suffix. You can retrieve all generated internal topic names via Topology.describe().

Parameters:

adder - a Reducer that adds a new value to the aggregate result

subtractor - a Reducer that removed an old value from the aggregate result

materialized - the instance of Materialized used to materialize the state store. Cannot be null

Returns:

a KTable that contains "update" records with unmodified keys, and values that represent the latest (rolling) aggregate for each key

reduce

KTable<K,V> reduce(Reducer<V> adder,
                   Reducer<V> subtractor)

Combine the value of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable. Records with null key are ignored. Combining implies that the type of the aggregate result is the same as the type of the input value (c.f. aggregate(Initializer, Aggregator, Aggregator)). The result is written into a local KeyValueStore (which is basically an ever-updating materialized view) Furthermore, updates to the store are sent downstream into a KTable changelog stream.

Each update to the original KTable results in a two step update of the result KTable. The specified adder is applied for each update record and computes a new aggregate using the current aggregate and the record's value by adding the new record to the aggregate. The specified subtractor is applied for each "replaced" record of the original KTable and computes a new aggregate using the current aggregate and the record's value by "removing" the "replaced" record from the aggregate. If there is no current aggregate the Reducer is not applied and the new aggregate will be the record's value as-is. Thus, reduce(Reducer, Reducer) can be used to compute aggregate functions like sum. For sum, the adder and subtractor would work as follows:

 public class SumAdder implements Reducer<Integer> {
   public Integer apply(Integer currentAgg, Integer newValue) {
     return currentAgg + newValue;
   }
 }

 public class SumSubtractor implements Reducer<Integer> {
   public Integer apply(Integer currentAgg, Integer oldValue) {
     return currentAgg - oldValue;
   }
 }
 

Not all updates might get sent downstream, as an internal cache is used to deduplicate consecutive updates to the same key. The rate of propagated updates depends on your input data rate, the number of distinct keys, the number of parallel running Kafka Streams instances, and the configuration parameters for cache size, and commit intervall.

For failure and recovery the store will be backed by an internal changelog topic that will be created in Kafka. The changelog topic will be named "${applicationId}-${internalStoreName}-changelog", where "applicationId" is user-specified in StreamsConfig via parameter APPLICATION_ID_CONFIG, "internalStoreName" is an internal name and "-changelog" is a fixed suffix. Note that the internal store name may not be queriable through Interactive Queries. You can retrieve all generated internal topic names via Topology.describe().

Parameters:

adder - a Reducer that adds a new value to the aggregate result

subtractor - a Reducer that removed an old value from the aggregate result

Returns:

a KTable that contains "update" records with unmodified keys, and values that represent the latest (rolling) aggregate for each key

aggregate

<VR> KTable<K,VR> aggregate(Initializer<VR> initializer,
                            Aggregator<? super K,? super V,VR> adder,
                            Aggregator<? super K,? super V,VR> subtractor,
                            Materialized<K,VR,KeyValueStore<org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Bytes,byte[]>> materialized)

Aggregate the value of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable. Records with null key are ignored. Aggregating is a generalization of combining via reduce(...) as it, for example, allows the result to have a different type than the input values. The result is written into a local KeyValueStore (which is basically an ever-updating materialized view) that can be queried using the provided queryableStoreName. Furthermore, updates to the store are sent downstream into a KTable changelog stream.

The specified Initializer is applied once directly before the first input record is processed to provide an initial intermediate aggregation result that is used to process the first record. Each update to the original KTable results in a two step update of the result KTable. The specified adder is applied for each update record and computes a new aggregate using the current aggregate (or for the very first record using the intermediate aggregation result provided via the Initializer) and the record's value by adding the new record to the aggregate. The specified subtractor is applied for each "replaced" record of the original KTable and computes a new aggregate using the current aggregate and the record's value by "removing" the "replaced" record from the aggregate. Thus, aggregate(Initializer, Aggregator, Aggregator, Materialized) can be used to compute aggregate functions like sum. For sum, the initializer, adder, and subtractor would work as follows:

 // in this example, LongSerde.class must be set as value serde in Materialized#withValueSerde
 public class SumInitializer implements Initializer<Long> {
   public Long apply() {
     return 0L;
   }
 }

 public class SumAdder implements Aggregator<String, Integer, Long> {
   public Long apply(String key, Integer newValue, Long aggregate) {
     return aggregate + newValue;
   }
 }

 public class SumSubtractor implements Aggregator<String, Integer, Long> {
   public Long apply(String key, Integer oldValue, Long aggregate) {
     return aggregate - oldValue;
   }
 }
 

Not all updates might get sent downstream, as an internal cache is used to deduplicate consecutive updates to the same key. The rate of propagated updates depends on your input data rate, the number of distinct keys, the number of parallel running Kafka Streams instances, and the configuration parameters for cache size, and commit intervall.

To query the local KeyValueStore it must be obtained via KafkaStreams#store(...):

 KafkaStreams streams = ... // counting words
 ReadOnlyKeyValueStore<String, Long> localStore = streams.store(queryableStoreName, QueryableStoreTypes.<String, Long>keyValueStore());
 String key = "some-word";
 Long countForWord = localStore.get(key); // key must be local (application state is shared over all running Kafka Streams instances)
 

For non-local keys, a custom RPC mechanism must be implemented using KafkaStreams.allMetadata() to query the value of the key on a parallel running instance of your Kafka Streams application.

For failure and recovery the store will be backed by an internal changelog topic that will be created in Kafka. Therefore, the store name defined by the Materialized instance must be a valid Kafka topic name and cannot contain characters other than ASCII alphanumerics, '.', '_' and '-'. The changelog topic will be named "${applicationId}-${storeName}-changelog", where "applicationId" is user-specified in StreamsConfig via parameter APPLICATION_ID_CONFIG, "storeName" is the provide store name defined in Materialized, and "-changelog" is a fixed suffix. You can retrieve all generated internal topic names via Topology.describe().

Type Parameters:

VR - the value type of the aggregated KTable

Parameters:

initializer - an Initializer that provides an initial aggregate result value

adder - an Aggregator that adds a new record to the aggregate result

subtractor - an Aggregator that removed an old record from the aggregate result

materialized - the instance of Materialized used to materialize the state store. Cannot be null

Returns:

a KTable that contains "update" records with unmodified keys, and values that represent the latest (rolling) aggregate for each key

aggregate

<VR> KTable<K,VR> aggregate(Initializer<VR> initializer,
                            Aggregator<? super K,? super V,VR> adder,
                            Aggregator<? super K,? super V,VR> subtractor)

Aggregate the value of records of the original KTable that got mapped to the same key into a new instance of KTable using default serializers and deserializers. Records with null key are ignored. Aggregating is a generalization of combining via reduce(...) as it, for example, allows the result to have a different type than the input values. If the result value type does not match the default value serde you should use aggregate(Initializer, Aggregator, Aggregator, Materialized). The result is written into a local KeyValueStore (which is basically an ever-updating materialized view) Furthermore, updates to the store are sent downstream into a KTable changelog stream.

The specified Initializer is applied once directly before the first input record is processed to provide an initial intermediate aggregation result that is used to process the first record. Each update to the original KTable results in a two step update of the result KTable. The specified adder is applied for each update record and computes a new aggregate using the current aggregate (or for the very first record using the intermediate aggregation result provided via the Initializer) and the record's value by adding the new record to the aggregate. The specified subtractor is applied for each "replaced" record of the original KTable and computes a new aggregate using the current aggregate and the record's value by "removing" the "replaced" record from the aggregate. Thus, aggregate(Initializer, Aggregator, Aggregator, String) can be used to compute aggregate functions like sum. For sum, the initializer, adder, and subtractor would work as follows:

 // in this example, LongSerde.class must be set as default value serde in StreamsConfig
 public class SumInitializer implements Initializer<Long> {
   public Long apply() {
     return 0L;
   }
 }

 public class SumAdder implements Aggregator<String, Integer, Long> {
   public Long apply(String key, Integer newValue, Long aggregate) {
     return aggregate + newValue;
   }
 }

 public class SumSubtractor implements Aggregator<String, Integer, Long> {
   public Long apply(String key, Integer oldValue, Long aggregate) {
     return aggregate - oldValue;
   }
 }
 

Not all updates might get sent downstream, as an internal cache is used to deduplicate consecutive updates to the same key. The rate of propagated updates depends on your input data rate, the number of distinct keys, the number of parallel running Kafka Streams instances, and the configuration parameters for cache size, and commit intervall. For failure and recovery the store will be backed by an internal changelog topic that will be created in Kafka. The changelog topic will be named "${applicationId}-${internalStoreName}-changelog", where "applicationId" is user-specified in StreamsConfig via parameter APPLICATION_ID_CONFIG, "internalStoreName" is an internal name and "-changelog" is a fixed suffix. Note that the internal store name may not be queriable through Interactive Queries. You can retrieve all generated internal topic names via Topology.describe().

Type Parameters:

VR - the value type of the aggregated KTable

Parameters:

initializer - a Initializer that provides an initial aggregate result value

adder - a Aggregator that adds a new record to the aggregate result

subtractor - a Aggregator that removed an old record from the aggregate result

Returns:

a KTable that contains "update" records with unmodified keys, and values that represent the latest (rolling) aggregate for each key